ONLINE ASSIGNMENT TECHNOLOGY

ONLINE ASSIGNMENT

 

EDU-03 Technology and Communication in Education 

                          Submitted by

                          VISHALINI N A

                                                                            B.Ed. FIRST YEAR                                                                                 PTM COLLEGE OF EDUCATION                                                           MARUTHOORKONAM 

PERSONALISED SYSTEM OF INSTRUCTION(PSI)

AND

LEARNER CONTROLLED INSTRUCTION (LCI)

Index

   SI NO          Content     

         

         1              Introduction 

         2              PSI

         3              Features of PSI

         4              Step of keller's 

                          plan

          5             Advantages and 

                          Limitation 

           6             LCl

           7             Advantages and                             Limitation 

            8             Conclusion

           9              Reference

          INTRODUCTION 

Education Technology play a vital role in individualising instruction. Individualized learning or instruction is a method of teaching in which content, instructional technology and pare of learning are based upon the abilities and interest of each becoming are based upon the abilities and interest of each learner. 

Individualised instruction implies that attention is given to individual student and not to class as a whole. The process of educating children in evolving from teaching determined instruction towards students: 

Selected procedure for achieving objectives based learning. For the last two decades or so continuous research on individualization of instruction has resulted in the development of a great variety of instructional method which embody the principles of Operant learning. 

For effective individualized instruction many new techniques bar been introduced. They are programmed learning. Learning controlled instruction, Computer Assisted instruction, personalised systems of instruction. It is the ready for the problem, the goal of which to make each child's learning Self-initiated and self-II directed. All students are not expected to achieve the same objectives and all students do not case the same instructional materials.

PERSONALISED SYSTEM OF INSTRUCTION (PSI)

Personalised System of instruction is another self learning. Techniques which emphasis individualization of instruction. Personalised system of instructions (PSI) was developed personalised be E. S. Keller in 1963 and applied it initial in the teaching of a new psychological programme in the University of Columbia. In the honour of its inventor PSI is also known as Keller plan. 

To Keller plans there is no classroom teaching at all normally students will be utilizing the classroom for individual studies, text taking and clearing doubts only. The student is, givers careful prepared assignments, hand outs and audio tapes, library etc. The material include questions and exercise. For student is told about the nature of assignments. The student is also instructed about how to read and what to read when a student has completed the assignments, the instructor conduct a short quiz or test in order to evaluate the student mastery, over the material. If the instructor is not satisfied with the programme or of the students, he should ask, the instructor isn’t satisfied the performance he should ask the student to re-study the material. If the instructor is satisfied he should direct the student to proceed on to the next unit.

PSI consist of PSI teacher, PSI instructors and class assistants. PSI teacher is the leader of the course. It work as a manger and observer of the course. He create a cordial and Co-operative atmosphere in the school. He recognizes all good work of the instructor, proctors, class assistants and others. He prepares good written material such as study guide and evaluations tools. The PSI instructor designs the course of instruction and he helps PSI teachers to preparing written material. 

FEATURES OF PSI

  Keller’s identified five main features which distinguish PSsI from conventional method of instructions there are:

1. PSI is a mastery oriented learning techniques. 

2.  It is individually paced techniques of teaching learning.

3.  It uses a few lectures to Stimulate and motivate students.

4. It used printed study guide to communicate information.

5. It uses tutors to evaluate attainment of the objectives by the students. 

STEPS OF KELLER'S PLAN

 Teacher introduces the procedures of Keller plans and motivate students to follow the procedures. 

1. Each Student are givers a unit along wilt a study guide 

2.  Each student learn at his own pace proctors help them to clear doubts

3. Students take quiz or test independently after completing the unit 

4. If the student achieved mastery score toe will be provide with next unit and study guide 

5. If he did not pass he has to learn the same unit and study guide, and take a similar quiz once again.

6. This cycle is repeated until his mastery score. 

7. A student can progress to subsequent unit after achieving mastery Scores units and thus complete the course at his own paces. 

ADVANTAGES

1. PSI can help the learner to work independently. 

2. Each student can learner al his own pace 

3. PSI relies on re-organization of traditional text-book into sequentially arranged study-guide which are crucial to the Course. 

4. PSI utilizes conventional classroom facilities 

5. PSI provides opportunity for interactions with PSI panel. 

6. PSI helps to develop positive altitude towards learning among students 

7. It help to develop habit of Self-learning 

LIMITATION

1. This method is very difficult to the teachers for preparing study guide and materials. 

2. The students show tendency to postpone learning because there is so compulsion 

3. Lack of course material, resource guide test material 

4. This method is very expensive because this requires special classroom, multimedia like library, video etc. 

5. Proctors are not easily available in the present teaching learning environment of our School.

 LEARNER CONTROLLED INSTRUCTION (LCI)

The learner controlled instructions (LSI) is a method or instruction that is controlled by the learner. In traditional teaching, the entire teaching learning process is dominated by the teacher themselves. LCI is an open revolt against the rigidity of learning path and the teacher-centred system of instruction. It works on a principle that an individual learner better if he is provided opportunity to choose his own learning path, develop his own sequence of learning engage himself in learning the things related to a particular topic of his choice by using the teacher as a resources person or facilitator.  

PROCEDURES

The various procedures of learning Controlled instruction (LGI) are:

(1) Decision about the initial behaviour 

(2) Decisions about setting of the objectives 

(3) Selection and sequencing of the learning experiences. 

 (4) Evaluations of the instructional process.

ADVANTAGES

1) LCI provides better individualized instructions as it is purely learner centred and learner dominated instructional method. 

2) It helps in the proper identification of the initial behaviours as learner knows about himself more than anyone else and identify, their initial behavior. 

3) LCI play a significant role in setting meaningful and realistic instructional objectives 

4) LCI helps learner in solving various classroom problems. 

5) It inculcate good habits in the learning. Since learning is done, by own effort. It allows to removal of unnecessary shyness, fear, hesitation etc. and create environment for proper learning. 

LIMITATION

1) In practical Sense LCI may fall seriously in trouble for catering the needs of the individual learning. 

2) In LC1, to total teaching learning process is controlled by the students by placing a lead role. Therefore result may not come as expected. 

(3) It is a tough task for the teacher to satisfy the needs of each and every individual learner. Teacher must have through knowledge and skill of providing response to every questions of different learners

CONCLUSION 

PSI is continues to offer the prospect of more effective instruction. Recent developments higher education and in technology have provided by the basis, at least in principle for growth of PSI courses in distance education. Colleges and universities seen to be inching forward greater attentions to teaching and the Scholar ship of teaching promises to elevate the principle and status of instructional research which should assist PSI users who have a strong commitment to teaching. (LCI) Learner Controlled instructions is defined as autonomy supportive teaching strategy, that provide learners with the right to make instructional decisions in the classroom. For cognitive outcomes, mixed findings were found as the result of learner controlled instructions has a positive general effect. Furthermore, the effects are stronger in secondary education classrooms than in primary schools and universities. 

 

              REFERENCE 

1) R, L, Drowns, Bangert. (1985). Effectives of computer based education in secondary schools. 

2) C, Wambach. T, Brother. (1998). An education of lectures in a computer based PSI introductory psychology course, journal of education technology system 27 (147-155). 

3) Nath, Ruchika & Singh, Y. K. (2008). Teaching of computers. APH Publishing corporation, New Delhi.