ONLINE ASSIGNMENT NATURAL SCIENCE

                        HerbartianSteps

Introduction

The way education isbimpartedbisbever-evolving and these shifts are undoubtedly

improving the educational experience for all.Educational theorists have been comingup with different teaching strategies to leave a long lasting impact on students .Here,we are going to discuss the Herbartian approach which was introduced by the German educator Johann Friedrich Herbart .Herbart is regarded as one of the.pioneers of modern scientific pedagogy as his contributions like the Herbartian approach had a great impact on modern education.

               JohanFriedrichHerbart

As mentioned above he was a German educator whom a deinfluential contributions to modern education. Hebis also considered the father of scientific pedagogy.His

Herbatian approach gained popularity during the 19th century.It was primarily used to

teach adolescent students. Herbartianism,his theory of education, was introduced in two of his works:1)Pestalozz's Idea of an ABC of Sense Perception and 2)Universal Pedagogy.His theory was based on how the mind assimilates information.The mind assimilates knowledge by connecting prior experience with new information.Originally, his teaching theory had four steps,but later two more were added by his disciples,

making it six.

  

        TheHerbartianApproach-Steps

First,let's see what the six steps are before looking at the minde tail.The steps areas

follows, 

1)Preparation/Introduction

2) Presentation

3)AssociationandComparison

4)Generalization

5)Application

6)Recapitulation

Preparation/Introduction

As the name implies, this is a preparatory stage where students are prepared before

actually presenting the topic before them.This is to spark interest among the students in the topic. The teacher canuse the blackboard to write the topic in order to introduce the topic to the students. With the help of this step students. will be able to prepare themselves for the lessons that follow.This stage of the Herbartian approach would make the students minds ready for the lesson.Teachers can make use of charts,

images,or map stop ique the interest of the new topic.Teachers can share a story or 

provide an experiment to pique students' interests in the new information. Presentation

InthisstepoftheHerbartianapproach,newideasarepresentedtothelearnerswiththe

helpofconcreteobjectsoractualexperiences.Studentswouldbeencouragedtorelate

theirpastexperiencestothisnewtopicinordertodevelopaninterestinit.Teachers

wouldaskanumberofquestionstostudentstounderstandmoreabouttheirpast

experiencessothattheycanrelatethemtothenewtopic.Inthisway,learnersbecome

activeparticipantsinthelearningprocess.Moreover,teacherscanusecharts,images,

graphs,andotherteachingaidstofacilitatethelearningprocess.Teacherswouldalso

summarizethetopicofdiscus siontotheirstudents.Themainobjectiveofthisstepis

topresenttheideasinthemosteffectivewaytothestudents. 

AssociationandComparison

During this stage,the new knowledge is compared with the student's past experiences as isolated information can easily escape their minds. When they associate one information with another, knowledge retention would increase. By comparing this information, they would be able to devise their own definition of the learning concept. Students are urged to make comparisons and contrasts between the experiences. This is a useful method in the process of learning.

Generalization 

In the

generalization stage, the teacher takes on the role of a facilitator and becomes a

passive observer of the learning process. It is a practice that is crucial for the education

of adolescents. This stage is intended to expand the capacity of the mind beyond

perception and tangible thoughts.Students getanin-depth understanding of the ideas

as students are actively engaged in the comprehension of the concept.This step of the Herbartianapproachal so fosters the critical thinking capabilities of students.

Application

This is a vital step in the Herbartianapproach ,because, in this step,the students try to

apply the learned Here, students are encouraged to draw conclusions from the comparisons.knowledge in real-life situations.If the student is unable to use the

knowledge in different situations,the knowledge he/she gained would be laid to waste.With the help of this method,the topic would get etched into the minds of students and it will stay with them for a long period of time.Also,the concept becomes apart of their mind on a functional level and would enable themto meaningfully interpret life. 

Recapitulation

In the final step of the Herbartianapproach,teachers give students a summary of the

entire subject. The teacher would ask the students many questions to determine how

well they understood the subject.The teachers can also give assignments or other

activities to evaluate the students’understanding.In this way,teachers can identify

whether or not their students have a grasp of the subject.The effectiveness of the

teaching is assessed with the help of this step.

 Conclusion

TheHerbartianapproachhas6stagesorstepsandanoutlineofeachstephasbeen

givenhere.However,thereareotherlearningapproachesaswell,suchasthepractical

teachingapproach.Incorporatethebestapproachthatsuitsyourteachingstyleand

studentsthebest.

                                      Submittedby

                                         Vishalini N A

                                         Natural science